Securing Learning Disabilities Support Accommodations in College

What Parents and Learning Support Students Need to Know (and What Your High School Might Not Tell You!) Entering college is a challenging transition for all students, but it can be particularly demanding for students who have benefited from a learning support Individualized Education Program (IEP) in high school. The IEP likely includes accommodations that have helped the student acquire and retain the curriculum, as well as enhance his or her ability to demonstrate that knowledge. Students with specific learning disabilities can greatly increase their chances of success in college if they continue their accommodations at the college level. However, most parents are unaware that it is necessary to obtain an independent evaluation in order to do so. With very few exceptions, a current psychoeducational evaluation is required to confirm that the student will continue to need learning support accommodations in college. When students graduate from high school, they are no longer under the protection of the IDEA—the federal law that guarantees a free and appropriate public education to all students regardless of learning, developmental, or health challenges. If accommodations for a learning disabled student are needed after age 18 in college, the student must be evaluated and recertified under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Essentially, upon graduation from high school, the student loses entitlement under education law and must prove eligibility under civil rights law. This evaluation must provide a formal diagnosis from the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) and explain the functional limitations of the disability as well as why accommodations are still necessary for the st udent to succeed. To be valid, the evaluation must be administered within three years of the individual starting college. Evaluations from earlier in childhood, even with a learning disability diagnosis, are not acceptable. Taking proactive steps before graduation is the best strategy. An updated, comprehensive evaluation will not only provide documentation required by the college to allow accommodations/support services, but it will also help the student better prepare for the transition. The following are answers to some commonly asked questions: Q. Will the high school provide this evaluation? A. No. There is no law requiring high schools to do so. Some parents have challenged school districts and even initiated lawsuits, contending that the evaluation should be provided as part of the student’s Transition Plan. However, it is the overriding opinion of education attorneys that the school district is not responsible for providing the evaluation as it does not affect the current IEP, is not relevant to graduation requirements, and is for use by the student and a third party after graduation. Furthermore, the evaluation cannot be requested as an IEE (Independent Educational Evaluation) because it will not be used to redirect the IEP. Even so, schools may be reluctant to inform students and parents of the need to be reevaluated for fear of litigation or being billed for outside testing services. Families need to accept that the evaluation is just one of many expenses they will encounter during the college application process. Q. Won’t colleges accept the recent Evaluation Report and IEP as proof that continued accommodations are needed? A. While two-year colleges will sometimes accept the ER and IEP, four-year colleges are becoming increasingly stringent about having an updated evaluation that meets documentation requirements established by the ADA. The ER and IEP will be helpful in establishing the student’s history of needing support/accommodations, although the evaluation must present current data and utilize the most recent standardized testing instruments appropriate for the student’s age. Q. Who should perform the evaluation? A. Only a state-licensed and school-certified psychologist who is familiar with the most current testing instruments and mandated report format should be consulted. Choosing an evaluator who is unfamiliar with the requirements has often resulted in a costly and time-consuming waste of resources. Colleges are not required to accept inappropriate or insufficient documentation. Q. When should the evaluation be administered? A. Anytime after the student reaches his or her sixteenth birthday, as an adult intelligence scale is required. Ideally, the evaluation should be administered during junior year of high school and no later than fall of the senior year. This will identify areas that need to be strengthened and give the student time to work on the recommendations generated, including any assistive technologies. Postponing the evaluation until the summer before the student enrolls in college is not recommended. Q. When should the evaluation be presented to the college? A. Once the student has been accepted and a tuition deposit has been made to the college of choice, the evaluation should then be forwarded to the college support services office. The evaluation should not be sent with the student’s application for admission unless it is specifically requested. Q. What about students who have Chapter 504 service plans? Do these students need an updated evaluation as well? A. Yes. Under the ADA, regardless of health impairment or physical disability, the student must initiate the process to receive accommodations and present current documentation of need. For those students who carry a service agreement for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, documentation is becoming increasingly stringent and requires an extensive developmental history with the evaluation to differentiate between ADHD and possible emotional disorders. Students with a psychiatric diagnosis must have the evaluation performed less than six months before starting college. Q. Aside from documenting the need for accommodations, what else can the evaluation provide? A. Depending on the types of tests administered, the evaluation can help students understand their learning styles, strengths and weaknesses of executive function, personality variables, and vocational interests. Having this information available prior to college can help clarify career goals, provide strategies to enhance productivity, and assist with course selection. In addition, students needing accommodations and possibly support services in college often benefit greatly from transition coaching. Most students have only a vague awareness (or even pronounced misperceptions) of the differences between high school and college. A qualified transition coach or group counseling experience can make a significant difference in helping students understand the impending changes and their need to adapt in advance. Research has confirmed that students who utilize their documentation, have a thorough understanding of their disability and the self-advocacy skills to discuss it, and knowledge of how to successfully navigate the changes in their learning environment stand a significantly greater likelihood of degree completion. On a final note, be sure to obtain copies of your student’s records upon graduation. Surprisingly, high schools are required by federal law to keep records for only three years after the diploma is granted. Some districts will save records on microfilm while others do not. This has caused considerable frustration for students who seek accommodations a few years after completing their secondary education. ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Paul Meschter, M.S., CSP, is a Pennsylvania-licensed and school-certified psychologist with over 30 years of professional experience serving the needs of preschoolers through college-age adults. In addition to a long-standing association with the Radnor Township School District, his services as an evaluator have been recommended by The Baldwin School, Delaware Valley Friends School, Germantown Academy, and The Woodlynde School, as well as Ursinus College and Villanova University. Since 1999, he has devoted the majority of his practice to assisting learning support students document their need for continued accommodations at a reasonable cost. A complimentary consultation regarding your student’s individual requirements is invited by calling 610-489-2177 or emailing pmcsp@verizon.net. Further information is available at www.collegelearningsupport.com.

Essay on The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver

Throughout a lifetime, many things are gained; experience, wisdom, knowledge, as well as a sure sense of self. But along with all these great things come regret, guilt, and shame of past events. Everyone deals with these in different ways, sometimes turning to religion and denial as coping mechanisms. In the novel The Poisonwood Bible, By Barbara Kingsolver, each member of the Price family deals with a personal guilt either gained while on their mission in the Congo or long before. This novel exemplifies the different types of guilt the Price family experienced throughout their stay in the Congo, and shows various means of reconciliation and forgiveness as the guilt is absolved. One method of dealing with guilt is to saturate one’s self†¦show more content†¦Another way to deal with one’s past regrets is to find ways to cooperate, such as searching for logical explanations and finding peace in logic instead of letting feelings take over. Adah Price is a prime ex ample of this solution to dealing with guilt. Coming out of the Congo and back into America, Adah seems to be the only one who has kept her sanity. After the many painstaking, life-changing months in the Congo, Adah responds by turning to science for its accuracy and reliability. She is also the only one of the remaining Price family that is able to easily and willingly conform back to American society. She quickly accepts her sister’s death and goes into medical science, specifically prenatal care and research. Her response to her guilt is active, trying to save other children when she couldn’t save her own sister or even herself when she was born crippled. This way to deal with guilt leads to the most change and advancement, forgiving one’s self and coming to peace with the past. Another way to deal with past regrets that is brought to light is the idea of repressing that memory in the first place. Unlike her sisters, Rachel Price is the only one who ig nores her guilt. After Ruth May’s death and their departure from Nathan, Rachel rarely ever brings these major events up again. Instead she talks about her new life, speaking about her newest boy toy and complaining about the African’s culture. The night of Ruth May’s death, since Rachel isShow MoreRelatedThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1124 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel The Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, the reader is introduced to the Price family, Baptist missionaries who are attempting to â€Å"Christianize† the country of Congo, more specifically the village of Kilanga. As the story progresses, the family realizes that they are not changing the Congo; instead, the Congo is changing them. The development of the characters within the novel is due to the instrument of cruelty. Although distasteful to regard it as such, cruelty motivatesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1352 Words   |  6 Pagessucce ssful. In the beginning of The Poisonwood Bible, Orleanna introduces to the readers in a third person’s point of view, â€Å"The daughters march behind her, each one tensed to fire off a woman’s heart on a different path to glory or damnation† (5). Orleanna, a mother who lives throughout the story of The Poisonwood Bible, acknowledges how women, in great numbers, are found walking down the path of trying to be successful. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, involves the Price family of 6, whichRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible Nowadays, in today’s society, survival is considered the basic instinct of all humans. Commonly defined as the state of â€Å"continuing to live or exist, in spite of an accident, ordeal or difficult circumstance,†(Dictionary) survival teaches us the will to succeed and face adversity despite the challenges and obstacles we may encounter along the way. In Barbara Kingsolver’s novel â€Å" The Poisonwood Bible,† there is a central theme of survival. Whether it includes finding suppliesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1198 Words   |  5 PagesPeriod 2 Part I Title: The Poisonwood Bible Author: Barbara Kingsolver Date of Original Publication: 1998 Biographical information about the author (five facts): -Kingslover was born in 1955 - Throughout her life, she has lived in England, France, and the Canary Islands, and has worked in Europe, Africa, Asia, Mexico, and South America. - Kingsolver was named one the most important writers of the 20th Century by Writers Digest. - Her work, The Poisonwood Bible, was a finalist for the PulitzerRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1241 Words   |  5 Pagespast and present known society, women have not been treated as the full equals of men. A woman s main value is to support a man, bear children, and housekeeping duties. This is how it has always been in most cultures. The novel, The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, shows the paternalistic society in which the Price family lives in. In 1959 an obstinate Baptist minister named Nathan Price drags his wife and four daughters deep into the heart of the Congo on a mission to save the unenlightenedRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1807 Words   |  8 Pageshalf of humanity, for the benefit of all†. Feminism, the act of advocating for female rights in order for them to be equal to those of men, has been an issue for hundreds of years that is sadly lacking present-day progression. In The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingso lver, five females narrate their experiences in Congo during the sixties under not only the Belgian’s rule, but more terribly, under the tyranny of Nathan Price, a Baptist preacher on a mission to convert â€Å"arrogant† Congolese people intoRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1295 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism has been a strong and long lasting force, oppressing societies for generations on end. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, demonstrates how the Congo is continuously affected by this concept and ideology. Throughout this story, Kingsolver manipulates each family member and individual within the book, to better show Western and European ideas and attitudes, to convey the large amount of hypocrisy, in foreigner’s actions. No one shows the oppression, inflicted upon the Congo’sRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible 1998 Historical Fiction Characteristics: Unique location, Primitivism, different ways of speaking and racial views Barbara Kingsolver Barbara Kingsolver, born in 1955, grew up in Kentucky and lived in many different countries such as : England, France, and Canary Islands. She attended Debauw University and University of Arizona where she earned a biology degree. Kingsolver now is a beloved author of eleven books and has been named the most important author of the twentieth centuryRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1961 Words   |  8 PagesThe poisonwood Bible is a book about identity, growing up and family. The main characters throughout the book grow and learn to become new people through new relationships they develop while in the Congo as well as through struggles they face while in the Congo. Barbara Kingsolver uses the literary elements of plot, the characters, and point of view to develop the characterization and relationships between the Price family in the Poisonwood Bible. Throughout the book Kingsolver uses different aspectsRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver2015 Words   |  9 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, details the experiences of a missionary family in the Congo, narrated by the Price women. Multiple questions are introduced over the course of the novel, some being answered and others not so much. One important theme in the novel is the influence of surroundings on the characters, specifically Leah Price. Leah Price arguably went through the most change and development as a result of her surroundings and environment. Her moral, psychological change

Management Information System of the Organizations- Free-Samples

Questions: 1. Discuss a problem situation related to information system (only one problem) in that organization. Do not focus on a problem that has already been solved. Also, do not focus on many problems at the same time. 2. Outline some guidelines to address this problem. 3. Assume the selected organization adopts e-commerce and m-commerce to reach as much customers as possible. 4. Outline the benefits the organization can gain in adopting the e-commerce and mcommerce. 5. Discuss how the e-commerce and m-commerce can be integrated to the organization business. 6. The organization supply chain should convert to e-commerce supply chain. Illustrate the functions of the sub-processes of the e-commerce supply chain management.7. Discuss the security risks and threats associated with electronic commerce in this organization. Outline the protection methods to mitigate those risks and threads. Answers: Introduction The following paper looks to address the problems in the management information system within an organization. It has to be said that the management information system is one of the most important things that is needed to keep track of all the records within an organization. Every company must keep the record of all the things that are happening within their organization. This helps them to assess their profits and losses of the present as well s of the past. Any problem that has been caused in this system may harm the entire integrity of the organization. The chosen organization for this paper is Woolworths and the chosen problem in the management information system is the maintenance of the records and updating. 1.Overview about the management information system The management information system of the organizations is the computerized database of the organizations that is recorded for solving the future problems and securing a record of their day to day operations (Laudon, Laudon, 2016). The reports are saved in the computers and it works as the database for the companys marketing and accounts department. One of the major purposes for this is providing the feedback to the managers about their own performance as well as of their employees. The actual data has to be restored every time and it has to be updated so that the actual information can be preserved by the management (Laudon, Laudon, 2016). 2.Recognition of the problem The problem that has been identified in this course is about the provision of the raw data in the primary database of the organizations that is stored for future use. Apart from this raw data input, another problem related to this is the maintaining of the up to date information about the different departments of the organization (Romney Steinbart, 2012).These two problems have to be looked and dealt as a single phenomenon because they are quite interconnected with one another. The companies have to generate all the data about their sales rates, revenue, expenses on buying the equipments, their expenses on providing the salaries of the employees, payments to their suppliers and all other important financial business credentials. The marketing department has their own databases so they do not have to rely on the databases provided by the other departments. In this case, if the wrong data input has been provided in this situation, there could arise many problems and even misunderstand ings (Romney Steinbart, 2012). This would be a harassing thing. So, in order to prevent these hazards and run a smooth management operation in the organizations should adopt some strategies in the management information systems that this problem could be solved. 3.E-commerce in the organization As Woolworths is a retail giant in the country of Australia, it can be assumed that they have a huge customer base all around the country and in the foreign countries as well ("Woolworths Limited", 2017). This focuses on the fact that they should provide e-commerce services to their customers. The working people have a very complicated life these days and they have very little time to spare for the buying and selling some of the products by going to the stores. This does not reduce the need for buying necessary things for the household and the children and the accessories that are needed for various purposes (Laudon, Traver, 2013). Woolworths can provide all of these products. So, it is advisable that they build a network by which they can be able to deliver their products to the customers via e-commerce. 4.Benefits of the organization This would save the time of the customers for they would not have to stand in the long queue in the shops (Niranjanamurthy et al., 2013). They could get their desired merchandise at their homes comfortably, may be at a cheaper rate. The customers will be able to avail almost any product from the repertoire of Woolworths via e-commerce ("Woolworths Limited", 2017). The advantages of using m-commerce can also be availed by customers if Woolworths introduce an exclusive mobile application for the purchase of products. This would be beneficial for the customers who are on the move at certain point of time (Laudon Traver, 2013). They can buy anything as per their comfort by the app and pay the money through net banking. This process will surely help them to attract more customers at their favor (Niranjanamurthy et al., 2013). 5.E-commerce and m-commerce into integration of the business This process of implementing the e-commerce and m-commerce within the organizational process would lead them to gain more success in the future. It is because Woolworths have a large customer base ranging from the social middle class to the upper class (Kourouthanassis, Giaglis, 2012). They will be very happy to avail the facilities of e-commerce and m-commerce of Woolworths. Automatically, the sales rates will increase. Woolworths can make partnerships with the various online platforms and social media for advertising their company ("Woolworths Limited", 2017). This would help them to come in focus of the new customer segments across the world. They will get a new customer base if they attempt to expand their markets in the future (Kourouthanassis, Giaglis, 2012). 6.Supply chain However improved the supply chain management might be for Woolworths, there is always a room for more improvement (Fernie Sparks, 2014). Woolworths are the largest retailer in Australia so they have a good supply chain for their customers. Their current chosen organization for handling the supply chain is TradeStones Merchandise Lifecycle management (Fernie Sparks, 2014). They work collaboratively with that organization so that the customers are benefitted from buying the products. It will be more beneficial for the company if they shift their supply chain as e-supply chain by collaborating with online buying websites like Amazon and others. This will gain them customer satisfaction at a good range. The sub processes for a better e-supply chain management include connecting with the customers in a better way altogether so that the customers can feel free to contact the organization if they face any trouble (Monczka et al., 2015). The case for the suppliers should be the same as well. The customers should be made satisfied with the products and services of Woolworths. The demands of the customers have to met and the flow management has to be managed properly. The product development should be made properly by collecting the feedback from the customers at regular intervals through the online platforms (Dai, Forsythe Kwon, 2014). Risks and threats This mode of supply chain management must have some risks and threats. It is because the threat of hackers and cyber crime always looms large on the famous organizations. The risks and threats have to be mitigated within a certain time if any kind of cyber crime is recorded by the authority (Brindley, 2017). They should consult with cyber experts about how to protect their website from the hackers and maintain a strong vigil on their data. They should keep track of their databases and update them regularly. All the employees should ensure that they will not be provoked by any means that harms the integrity of the organization. Conclusion The fact of the management information system has been discussed here in this paper and a certain problem has been discussed. The need to keep track of all the databases by the departments is extremely essential. It has been noticed that the organizations have suffered many times as they have not done that. The integration of e-commerce and m-commerce in the retail chain of Woolworths has been highlighted to point out that the e-supply chain management and its sub processes are essential for the companies to evaluate their worth and expand in a new target market. References Brindley, C. (Ed.). (2017).Supply chain risk. Taylor Francis. Dai, B., Forsythe, S., Kwon, W. S. (2014). The impact of online shopping experience on risk perceptions and online purchase intentions: does product category matter?.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,15(1), 13. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Kourouthanassis, P. E., Giaglis, G. M. (2012). Introduction to the special issue mobile commerce: the past, present, and future of mobile commerce research.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,16(4), 5-18. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management information system. Pearson Education India. Laudon, K. C., Traver, C. G. (2013).E-commerce. Pearson. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Niranjanamurthy, M., Kavyashree, N., Jagannath, S., Chahar, D. (2013). Analysis of e-commerce and m-commerce: advantages, limitations and security issues.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(6). Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012).Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson.. Woolworths Limited. (2017). Woolworths.com.au. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/

The Japanese Cult of Cuteness Turning from National into International

Japan has always been a bit mysterious country, with its unique traditions and customs that you will see nowhere else in the world. Samurai, kamikaze, geisha, hara-kiri – when one hears these words, what idea will come to one’s mind first?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Japanese Cult of Cuteness: Turning from National into International specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The cult of cuteness is not that ancient phenomenon as samurai or kamikaze. Yet, since the 1980s and till the present days, it is directly associated with Japan and the Japanese culture. What is more, the cult of cuteness at some point stopped to be a typical Japanese phenomenon, crossed the borders of the country, and started its journey all over the world. How did the cult start, become so popular, and reach the United States? I will try to answer these questions in my essay. When and how did Kawaii style begin? Kawaii style or cute style emerged and became dominated in Japan in the 1980s. It can be characterized as childish, simple, innocent, weak social behavior and appearance (Kinsella 220). Manifestations of cute style could be seen not only in the way people dressed or what accessories they used. It became a kind of epidemic, which penetrated in almost all spheres of life. Cuteness â€Å"conquered† the Japanese handwriting style, cute goods, clothes, and even food became prevalent. Cute pop idols and singers like Matsuda Seiko meant the same as Sid Vicious to punks (Kinsella 235). Even such fields as advertising and marketing did not escape cute style. By the way, in the Japanese marketing cuteness is still used very successfully, and you can see numerous ads and commercials that sell goods and services in a â€Å"cute way† (Riessland 130). Why is cute style so popular? The secret of cute style popularity is rather easy to explain. One of the main reasons is its close relation to childh ood. In the interview, three high school Japanese girls were asked what they associate kawaii with. The answers were – sweetness, dependence, and gentleness (Allison 40). Indeed, is not it great to feel like a child a little all the time, feel this comfort, and warmth? If you think that only ladies might think this way, you are not right. Both males and females are obsessed with cute style.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, I should say that with time cuteness in Japan has undergone some changes. First, among people, attitudes to cute style changed. In the 1990s, there were anti-cute elements who either were intellectuals or simply considered cuties to be stupid and weak (Kinsella 246). How did cute style reach the United States? Everything started with Pokemon that once penetrated on the American market, was incredibly successful, and till the present days means more for so me American children than Mickey Mouse. It seems that kids are attracted to Pokemon and other Japanese toys not only because of their big eyes, small noses, bright colors, and small bodies. They have some special relations with these characters (Allison 43). Japanese cute toys have almost nothing to do with real life, unlike many American toys and fairy tale characters. What does it all mean for Japan? It is obvious that Japan benefits from kawaii style not only from the economic point of view selling its cute goods to the Unites States and many other countries around the world. What should be considered in the first place is Japanese culture, which is spread by means of kawaii. No matter what one may think about the Japanese cult of cuteness, it is one more proof of the Japanese uniqueness. Bibliography Allison, Anne. Pikachus Global Adventure. Ed. Joseph Tobin. Durham-London: Duke University Press, 2004. Kinsella, Sharon. Women, Media and Consumption in Japan. Ed. Lise Skov and Br ian Moeran, Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1995. Riessland, Andreas. Japanstudien: Jahrbuch des Deutschen Instituts fur Japanstudien der Philipp Franz von Siebold Stiftung, 1997. This essay on The Japanese Cult of Cuteness: Turning from National into International was written and submitted by user Bryant T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Cautious and Paranoid Foreign Policy of John Adams

The Cautious and Paranoid Foreign Policy of John Adams John Adams, a Federalist and Americas second president, conducted a foreign policy that was at once cautious, underrated, and paranoid. He sought to maintain Washingtons neutral foreign policy stance, but increasingly found himself grappling with France in the so-called Quasi-War during his only term in office, from 1797 to 1801. Adams, who had significant diplomatic experience as ambassador to England before the adoption of the Constitution, inherited bad blood with France when he took over the presidency from George Washington. His foreign policy responses rank from good to poor; while he kept the U.S. out of the full-blown war, he fatally hurt the Federalist party. Quasi-War France, which had helped the U.S. win independence from England in the American Revolution, expected the US to help militarily when France entered another war with England in the 1790s. Washington, fearing dire consequence for the young country, refused to help, opting instead for a policy of neutrality. Adams pursued that neutrality, but France began raiding American merchant ships. Jays Treaty of 1795 had normalized trade between the US and Great Britain, and France considered American commerce with England not only in violation of the Franco-American Alliance of 1778 but also lending aid to its enemy. Adams sought negotiations, but Frances insistence on $250,000 in bribe money (the XYZ Affair) derailed diplomatic attempts. Adams and the Federalists began building up both the US Army and Navy. Higher tax levies paid for the buildup. While neither side ever declared war, the US and French navies fought several battles in the so-called Quasi-War. Between 1798 and 1800, France captured more than 300 US merchant ships and killed or wounded some 60 American sailors; the US Navy captured more than 90 French merchant ships. In 1799, Adams authorized William Murray to make a diplomatic mission to France. Treating with Napoleon, Murray crafted a policy that both ended the Quasi-War and dissolved the Franco-American Alliance of 1778. Adams considered this resolution to the French conflict one of the finest moments of his presidency. Alien and Sedition Acts Adams and the Federalists brush with France, however, left them afraid that French revolutionaries might immigrate to the U.S., link up with the pro-French Democrat-Republicans, and stage a coup that would oust Adams, install Thomas Jefferson as president, and end Federalist domination in the US government. Jefferson, leader of the Democrat-Republicans, was Adams vice-president; however, they hated each other over their polarized governmental views. While they became friends later, they rarely spoke during Adams presidency. This paranoia prompted Congress to pass and Adams to sign the Alien and Sedition Acts. The acts included: The Alien Act: enabled the president to deport any resident alien he believed to be dangerous to the U.S.The Alien Enemies Act: enabled the president to arrest and deport any alien whose home country was at war with the US (an act aimed directly at France)The Naturalization Act: extended the length of residency required for an alien to become a US citizen from five to 14 years and prevented immigrants from voting against incumbent Federalist office-holdersThe Sedition Act: made it illegal to publish false, scandalous, or malicious material against the government; the president and justice department had such wide latitude to define those terms that this act nearly violated the First Amendment Adams lost the presidency to his rival Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800. American voters could see through the politically driven Alien and Sedition Acts, and news of the diplomatic end to the Quasi-War arrived too late to mitigate their influence. In response, Jefferson and James Madison wrote  the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.

Not Just Entertainment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Not Just Entertainment - Assignment Example A main topic of colonization seemed to be a dominant issue in several of the films. Female oppression and gender categorization was another situation discussed in several of the films. Cultural traditions and beliefs were intertwined throughout many of the films as each group practiced traditions in various ways from Western culture and traditions. Some cultural traditions have made their way into Western society as people have immigrated to Europe, America, Canada, and South America. Traditions that seemed acceptable by the mainstream society were openly practiced, while others were kept confidential because of their unacceptable practices (WHO, 1996). The film Keita carried the issue of education by the government to be the most important part of a young person’s life (Kouyate, 1995). In comparison to mainstream cinema, Brooks (1955) depicted how education is handled in an inner city all boys school in the film titled Blackboard Jungle. In La Bataille d’Alger the rule s the government were placing on the people were portrayed as the only acceptable way of life, even though the people of Algiers had their own traditions and beliefs that they had been practicing for generations (Pontecorvo, 1966). The comparison to how the Indians were treated by the government in the film titled Dances with Wolves is not much different. One group is trying to coerce the other group into something that is not wanted (Costner, 1990). The traditions in the film Moolaade that had been carried out for generations were being questioned and dismissed by some, while completely supported by other members of the community (Sembene, 2004). The oppression of women was depicted in a similar fashion, but not to the extreme in the film Maid in Manhattan (Wang, 2002). In each of these films, one group was trying to force another group to accept something that was different from the other group or individual’s belief. The similarities and differences can be determined in th e opinion of the viewer. Many mainstream films are created for and considered entertainment, while African cinema seemed to expose oppression, injustices, and real world experiences that may have remained hidden knowledge from the rest of the world. The function and art of the traditional griot portrayed in the film Keita was the teaching of the youth of the community through stories passed down through generations (Kouyate, 1995). It was the griot’s responsibility to make sure that everyone learned the history and origin of their family and community. A comparison between the African filmmakers and the griot could be that both have a job to disseminate the truth about the history and traditions of a community according to the culture and beliefs of that people. The difference between the filmmakers and the griot is that the filmmakers try to provide different opinions of the situation and allow for the view to decide how to interpret the outcome of the film. A griot taught t he story from knowledge passed down from generations and allowed the person being told the story to choose their own beliefs, without providing any other scenarios or versions of the story (Kouyate, 1995). A good example of the opposing views of a story from a filmmaker is provided in La Bataille d’Alger. In this film, the police were shown as one way and the script was written to

The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Academic Achievment among College Essay

The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Academic Achievment among College Students Literature Review - Essay Example â€Å"Over 40% of students nationwide have been reported to participate in binge drinking behavior, when it is defined as at least four drinks per drinking occasion for women and at least five drinks for men† (Jennison, 2004b). Excessive consumption of alcohols among college students has been closely linked with academic disturbances such as missed classes, reduction in classroom performance, lowered grades, dropping out, and school failure (Jennison, 2004b). The Harvard School of Public Health CoUege Alcohol Study (1999) reveals 44% of the surveyed students to be binge drinkers 23% to be frequent binge drinkers (Richardson, 2000). Its effects on academics in higher education institutions are indeed a matter of concern. â€Å"In addition to well-documented consequences such as poor performance on assignments and missed classes, studies suggest that college drinking is a major factor in student dropout rates† (Sullivan, 2002). This severe threat of the college drinking problem led to the setting up of a task force on College Drinking in 1998 by the National Advisory Council to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) with the view to support the development of a national plan for college drinking research at NIAAA (Jennison, 2004b). According to the information provided by NIAAA Task Force on College Drinking almost 25% of college students experience academic disturbances due to alcohol consumption, such as obtaining lower grades, performing poorly in tests and projects, missing class and even dropping out (â€Å"A Call to Action†, 2002). The use and abuse of alcohol by students on campuses has been recognized as a serious disturbance affecting the student life (Molstad et al., 1998). Heavy patterns of alcohol accompany greater chances of students experiencing alcohol related problems mainly poor academic performance (Molstad et al., 1998). The alcohol intake by male college students is more frequent and in greater volumes